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hg47 · 4 years ago

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47 Reasons Why I Fear Islam - (Reason 36)

-36-109 verses in the Koran advocate violence against Non-Muslims; 527 verses in the Koran are intolerant of Non-Muslims; of the 245 verses that are slightly “positive” on Non-Muslims every one of those has been abrogated, redacted, annulled, and do not apply to Islamic Law or influence Muslim behavior. The religion which claims to be peaceful has actually cancelled ALL the peaceful words received from their God. Go, Islam! ++++------- http://www.amazon.com/Why-I-Am-Not-Muslim/dp/1591020115/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1380655534&sr=1-1&keywords=why+i+am+not+a+muslim If anyone can explain the Islamic notion of abrogation, and fully demonstrate how silly, insane, and evil it is, that would be Ibn Warraq in his book - WHY I AM NOT A MUSLIM. “tolerance” has been abrogated by “intolerance.” ++++------- The United States is not equipped to deal with Muslim ghettos where American law and order do not apply. Under Sharia law within Muslim ghettos “human rights” only apply to Muslim males. The Muslim ghetto functions like a huge prison, the males are guards, the females are prisoners. Are we to deny American concepts of human rights to more than half the population within these ghettos? Even if these women declare that they don’t want any of our “human rights,” can we believe them? Or do these women know that they dare not say otherwise or they would be terribly punished, and their lives within the Muslim ghetto forever ruined? This is only one of the problems. What about polygamy? Do we allow Muslim men multiple wives, because we dare not enter to enforce American jurisprudence? What about the Sharia courts and the Implementation Arm of the Sharia courts within these Muslim ghettos? In Pakistan if a woman reports that she was raped and finds herself unable to supply four male witnesses who visually observed her rape she will be charged with adultery, punishable by death, which usually results in a long prison sentence. What happens to a woman reporting rape within an American ghetto of Muslims? Is she murdered, and her body dissolved in lye to “melt” down the sink? Are there apartments within the Muslim ghettos inside American towns devoted to prisons within the prison of the ghetto where disobedient people are locked up without habeas corpus for who knows how long? These are legitimate questions which must be asked, in my opinion. Or are we to just say: “These are crazy Muslims, let them do whatever they want to themselves.” The next question is obvious: “But are they just doing it to themselves?” In Egypt the kidnapping of Christian women for forced conversion to Islam and marriage by Muslim men is well documented: “Need More Wives! Need More Muslim Babies!” Is this occurring within the United States? Once a Christian woman goes into one of these Muslim ghettos, how will she ever get out? A further complication: areas controlled exclusively by Muslims where Sharia law is implemented are seen as Islamic territory which must always expand and never contract. This is the contempt of Muslims for the American government. Logically (by Muslim logic anyway) should the Muslim ghetto on American soil be broken up, and the Muslims relocated by force, this will be seen as an attack upon Muslim lands, requiring a Holy War, where all Muslims everywhere will be called upon to do whatever they can to regain this Islamic territory. Now, circa 12/22/2013 8:29 AM, Muslims come into Syria from many other nations to become holy warriors fighting for Islam, hoping to die fighting Infidels so they will pop straight to Paradise and avoid an awkward, unpleasant and fearful Judgment Day that might turn against them, where they are cast into Hell! Some Muslim religious leaders have put a spin on the civil war, accusing the Assad government of being traitors to Islam and corrupted and controlled by the West, which makes this government valid targets for jihad. What will happen, here in America, if and when an Islamic Sharia ghetto is broken up by American Law? Holy war, that’s what. Are you ready for Muslims flying in from around the world to fight us Infidels in their jihad, so they can pop straight to Paradise? Yes, there are Mormon ghettos practicing polygamy, and a few ultra-conservative Jewish ghettos practicing some un-American rituals, and many other ghettos where American laws are partially held in abeyance by religious groups or ethnic groups. But only Muslim ghettos hate America, plot against America, seek to destroy America and remake our land into another Saudi Arabia, by any means necessary; the Muslim men lustfully hoping for violent jihad and its straight shot to Paradise through death. What are we to do? You tell me! Send me a tweet. ++++------- tweet ~ ISLAMABAD (Reuters – May, 2015) - Pakistan has blocked all Western media, deeming our values un-Islamic and blasphemous to Muslims. ~ (This is me in 2010 trying to imagine a Pakistan in 2015, and joking about it with a future news story.) ++++------- http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/groundtruth-burma/buddhist-monk-wirathu-969-muslims-myanmar Tin Aung Kyaw on the 969 movement by Buddhist monks against Muslims. Muslims are allowed to curse the Jews and the Great Satan and the inferior Infidels as much as they please in mosques, but when monks call Muslims “mad dogs” or “cannibals” or “troublemakers” in their sermons Western critics come down firmly on the side of the Muslims. @hg47 says – Where Western notions of justice prevail, all religions are allowed to practice. Where Islamic notions of justice prevail, only one religion is allowed to practice: Islam. For the truth of this, look to the history of any Muslim majority country, and what has happened to the Jewish people who used to live there, and the few Christian people who are trying to live there now. ++++------- A quote from Khaled al-Hroub, a professor at Cambridge University: the most “frightening aspect of what we see today in the streets of Arab and Islamic cities is the disaster of extremism that is flooding our societies and cultures, as well as our behavior…This [represents] a total atrophy of thought among wide sectors [of society]…” ++++------- http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/mar/29/hate-crimes-force-jews-out-of-malmo/ An article about Hate crimes by Muslims against Jews which are forcing Jews out of Malmo, a city in Sweden! ++++------- http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-Pacific/2011/0331/Pakistan-attacks-reveal-widening-split-between-religious-parties-and-militants Issam Ahmed on how hard-core Muslim groups use street justice and assassinations to eliminate “moderate” Muslims from the equation by silencing any of them who dare to speak up. ++++------- http://www.citizenwarrior.com/2009/05/terrifying-brilliance-of-islam.html Another thing Citizen Warrior covers here is the Islamic notion of abrogation where violent and intolerant verses in the Koran render ALL the peaceful Koranic verses null and void: empty words to fool Infidels. Are you fooled? ++++------- http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/religion/8120142/Christian-woman-sentenced-to-death-in-Pakistan-for-blasphemy.html Rob Crilly in Islamabad and Aoun Sahi in Lahore on the Asia Bibi blasphemy case. Intriguing reading on the terrible things Islam makes Muslims do, and allows Muslims to do. Some Christian bitch doesn’t suck up to you (you, the perfect innocent superior Muslim woman), accuse her of blasphemy, ruin her life, and maybe get her killed! Go, Islam! ++++------- tweet ~ I work with a Christian Iraqi refugee. He says there are fatwas against Pepsi & Coke & you-name-it. ++++------- http://thehayride.com/2010/10/npr-successfully-influenced-by-the-muslim-brotherhood/ Christopher Holton and Sarah Pavlis on how NPR is controlled by the Muslim Brotherhood. ++++------- A quote from Citizen Warrior: “Most people believe Islam has been Hijacked by a small percentage of extremists…Hopefully, they will eventually learn that Islam has not been hijacked and that the Fundamentalists are following basic, mainstream Islamic teachings, and that Islam is political at its core…” ++++------- http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/talking_point/6199575.stm Iraqi tales of life under the militias. Shia speaking to Sunni: “You are wrong! So I must kill you!”Sunni speaking to Shia: “You are wrong! So I must kill you!” ++++------- http://www.citizenwarrior.com/2009/05/terrifying-brilliance-of-islam.html This article is something of an “all the juice in one post essential debunking of Islam” by Citizen Warrior. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +Go-To-37+ +Go-To-Beginning-Of-47-REASONS-WHY-I-FEAR-ISLAM+

#islam

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ammyjason-blog · 5 years ago

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rudabakharr-blog · 7 years ago

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According to the Christianity law of marriage in Pakistan as per the Christian Marriage Act of 1872 the age for Christian marriage in Lahore or Christian marriage in Pakistan is twenty one years and any one below this age is considered to be a minor and if someone of Christian religion below the age of twenty one year’s wishes to get marry then the permission of real father or Guardian or Mother is required To Know the appropriate and legal Procedure of christen court marriage in lahore visit our website http://www.lawyerinlahore.com/christian-court-marriage-in-lahore/ .Our law firm provide Best Court Marriage Lawyer in Lahore. Lawyer in Lahore Also provide services in following categories: Family Cases. Court marriage. Property cases. Business cases. Criminal cases

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your-advali-fan-blog · 7 years ago

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http://www.lawyerinlahore.com/christian-court-marriage-in-lahore/

#Christian marriage in Lahore #Christian marriage in Pakistan #court marriage in Lahore Pakistan #Christian marriage procedure in Pakistan #Christian court marriage procedure in Pakistan

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margdarsanme · 4 years ago

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NCERT Class 12 History Chapter 9 Kings and Chronicles The Mughal Courts

NCERT Class 12 History Solutions

Chapter 9 Kings and Chronicles The Mughal Courts

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED : Q 1. Describe the process of manuscript production in the Mughal court.

Ans. Process of manuscript production in the Mughal court included the following: (a) Paper-maker’s responsibility was to prepare the folios of the manuscript. (b) Skill writer, i.e. scribes or calligrapher copied the texts. (c) Guilders, illuminated the pages of the manuscript. (d) Miniature painter illustrated the scene from the text. (e) The book binders gathered the folio and gave it to the original shape of a book.

Q 2. In what ways would the daily routine and special festivities associated with the Mughal court have conveyed a sense of the power of the emperor?

Ans. The daily routine and special festivities associated with the Mughal court observed the following: (i) By representing the status of the court. (ii) In form of salutation of emperor. (iii) Jharokha Darshan. (iv) Meeting held by sultan in Diwan-i-Am and Diwan-i-Khas. (v) By honouring the mansabdar on special occasion with special gifts and jagir. Q 3. Assess the role played by women of the imperial household in the Mughal Empire

Ans.

(i) The term “haram” is used to describe the domestic world of the Mughals. This word is taken from the Persian word haram, which means a sacred place.

(ii) The Mughal household consisted of the emperor’s wives and concubines, his near and distant relatives (mother, step- and foster-mothers, sisters, daughters, daughters-in-law, aunts, children, etc.), and female servants and slaves.

(iii) Polygamy was practised widely in the Indian subcontinent, especially among the ruling groups. Both for the Rajput clans as well as the Mughals marriage was a way of cementing political relationships and forging alliances.

(iv) The gift of territory was often accompanied by the gift of a daughter in marriage. This ensured a continuing hierarchical relationship between ruling groups. It was through the link of marriage and the relationships that developed as a result that the Mughals were able to form a vast kinship network that linked them to important groups and helped to hold a vast empire together.

(v) In the Mughal household a distinction was maintained between wives who came from royal families (begams), and other wives (aghas) who were not of noble birth.

(vi) The begams, married after receiving huge amounts of cash and valuables as dowry (maahr), naturally received a higher status and greater attention from their husbands than did aghas. The concubines (aghacha or the lesser agha) occupied the lowest position in the hierarchy of females intimately related to royalty.

(vii) The agha and the aghacha could rise to the position of a begam depending on the husband’s will, and provided that he did not already have four wives.

(viii) Love and motherhood played important roles in elevating such women to the status of legally wedded wives. Apart from wives, numerous male and female slaves populated the Mughal Household. The tasks they performed varied from the most mundane to those requiring skill, tact and intelligence.

(xi) Slave eunuchs (khwajasara) moved between the external and internal life of the household as guards, servants, and also as agents for women dabbling in commerce. Q 4. What were the concerns that shaped Mughal policies and attitudes towards regions outside the subcontinent?

Ans.

(i) The Safavids and Qandahar: The political and diplomatic relations between , the Mughal kings and the neighbouring countries of Iran and Turan hinged on the control of the frontier defined by the Hindukush mountains that separated Afghanistan from the regions of Iran and Central Asia. A constant aim of Mughal policy was to ward off this potential danger by controlling strategic outposts – notably Kabul and Qandahar. The fortress-town Qandahar had initially been in the possession of Humayun, reconquered in 1595 by Akbar.The Safavid court retained diplomatic relations with the Mughals, it continued to stake.claims to Qandahar. Jahangir sent a diplomatic envoy to the court of Shah Abbas in 1613 to plead the Mughal case for retaining Qandahar, but the mission failed to achieve its objectives. Persian army besieged Qandahar in 1622. The Mughal garrison was defeated and had to surrender the fortress and the city to the Safavids.

(ii) The Ottomans: pilgrimage and trade: The relationship between the Mughals and the Ottomans ensured free movement for merchants and pilgrims in the territories under Ottoman control. This was especially true for the Hijaz, that part of Ottoman Arabia where the important pilgrim centres of Mecca and Medina were located.

The Mughal emperor combined religion and commerce by exporting essential goods to Aden and Mokha, and distributing the proceeds of the sales in charity to the keepers of shrines and religious men there.

(iii) Jesuits at the Mughal court: European received knowledge about India through the accounts of Jesuit missionaries, travellers, merchants and diplomats. After the discovery of sea route to India, the Portuguese merchants set up their trading network stations in coastal region. The Portuguese was also interested in the spread of Christianity with the help of the missionaries of the Society of Jesuits. The Christian missions who sent to India during the sixteenth century were part of this process of trade and empire building. The first Jesuit mission reached the Mughal court of Mughal emperor Akbar at Fatehpur oikri in 1580 and stayed here for about two years. The Jesuits spoke to Akbar about Christianity and debated its virtues with the ulema. Two more missions were sent to the Mughal court at Lahore, in 1591 and 1595. The Jesuit accounts are based on personal observation and shed light on the character and mind of the emperor. At public assemblies the Jesuits were assigned places in close proximity to Akbar’s throne.. The Jesuit accounts corroborate the information given in Persian chronicles about state officials and the general conditions of life in Mughal times. Q 5.Discuss the major features of Mughal provincial administration. How did the centre control the provinces?

Ans.

(i) The head of the provincial administration was the governor (subadar). He reported directly to the emperor.

(ii) Each suba was divided into sarkar,

(iii) The local administration was looked after at the level of the pargana (sub-district) by three semi-hereditary officers, the qanungo (keeper of revenue records), the chaudhur (in charge of revenue collection) and the qazi.

(iv) Each department of administration maintained a large support staff of clerks, accountants, auditors, messengers, and other functionaries who were technically qualified officials, functioning in accordance with standardised rules and procedures, and generating copious written orders and records. Q 6. Discuss, with examples, the distinctive features of Mughal chronicles.

Ans. (i) Chronicles commissioned by the Mughal emperors are an important source for studying the empire and its court. They were written in order to project a vision of an enlightened kingdom to all those who came under its umbrella. The authors of Mughal chronicles focused on events-related to life of the ruler, their family, the court and nobles, wars and administrative system.

(ii) These chronicles were written in Persian. This language flourished as a language of the court and of literary writings, alongside north Indian languages, especially Hindavi and its regional variants. As the Mughals were Chaghtai Turks by origin, Turkish was their mother tongue.

(iii) Chronicles narrating the events of a Mughal emperor’s reign contained, alongside the written text, images that described an event in visual form.

(iv) When scenes or themes in a book were to be given visual expression, the scribe left blank spaces on nearby pages; paintings, executed separately by artists, were inserted to accompany what was; described in words. Q 7. To what extent do you think the visual material presented in this chapter corresponds with Abu’l Fazl’s description of the taswir (Source 1)?

Ans.

(i) Drawing the likeness of anything is called taswir. His Majesty from his earliest youth, has shown a great predilection for this art, and gives it every encouragement, as he looks upon it as a means both of study and amusement.

(ii) A very large number of painters set to work.

(iii) Each week, several supervisors and clerks of the imperial workshop submit before the emperor the work done by each artist, and his Majesty gives a reward.

(iv) Paintings served not only to enhance the beauty of a book, but were believed to possess special powers of communicating ideas about the kingdom and the power of kings in ways that the written medium could not.

(v) The historian Abu’l Fazl described painting as a ‘magical art’ in his view it had the power to make inanimate objects look as if they possessed life. Q 8. What were the distinctive features of the Mughal nobility? How was their relationship with the emperor shaped?

Ans. Recruitment, rank of the n ability and relationship with the emperor:

(i) Mughal chronicles, especially the Akbar Nama, have bequeathed a vision of empire in which agency rests almost solely with the emperor, while the rest of the kingdom has been portrayed as following his orders, if we look more closely at the available information the histories provide us about the apparatus of the Mughal state, we may be able to understand the ways in which the imperial organisation was dependent on several different institutions.

(ii) The most important pillar of the Mughal state was the nobility. The nobility was recruited from diverse ethnic and religious group which ensured that no faction was large enough to challenge the authority of the state. (iii)The officer corps of the Mughals was described as a bouquet of flowers (guldasta) held together by loyalty to the emperor. In Akbar’s imperial service, Turani and Iranian nobles were present from the earliest phase of carving out a political dominion. Many had accompanied Humayun; others migrated later to the Mughal court.

(iv) The holders of government offices was given the ranks (mansabs) comprising two numerical designations: zat which was an indicator of position in the imperial hierarchy and the salary of the official (mansabdar), and sawar which indicated the number of horsemen he was required to maintain in service.

(v) Akbar, who designed the mansab system, also established spiritual relationships with a select band of his nobility by treating them as his disciples (murid).

(vi) For members of the nobility, imperial service was a way of acquiring power, wealth and the highest possible reputation. A person wishing to join the service petitioned through a noble, who presented a tajwiz to the emperor.

(vii) If the applicant was found suitable, a mansab was granted to him. The mir bakhshi (paymaster general) stood in open court on the right of the emperor and presented all candidates for appointment or promotion, while his office prepared orders bearing his seal and signature as well as those of the emperor. There were two other important ministers at the centre: the diwan-i ai (finance minister) and sadr-us sudur (minister of grants or madad-i maash, and in charge of appointing local judges or qazis)

(viii) The three ministers occasionally came together as an advisory body, but were independent of each other.

(xi) Akbar with these and other advisers shaped the administrative, fiscal and monetary institutions of the empire. Nobles stationed at the court (tainat-i rakab) were a reserve force to be deputed to a province or military campaign. Nobles were duty-bound to appear twice a day to express submission their to the emperor.

(x) They also had to share the responsibility for guarding the emperor and his household round the clock. Q 9.Identify the elements that went into the making of the Mughal ideal of kingship. Ans.

(i) According to Akbars court poet, Abu’l Fazl Mughal kingship as the highest station in the hierarchy of objects receiving light emanating from God (farr-i- izadi). According to this idea, there was a Hierarchy in which the Divine Light was transmitted to the king (Mughal Emperor) who then became the source of spiritual guidance for his subjects.

(ii) Mughal chronicles present the empire as comprising many different ethnic and religious communities – Hindus, Jainas, Zoroastrians and Muslims. As the source of all peace and stability, the emperor stood above all religious and ethnic groups, mediated among them, and ensured that justice and peace prevailed.

(iii) Abu’l Fazl describes the ideal of sulh-i kui (absolute peace) as the cornerstone of enlightened rule. In sulh-i kul all religions and schools of thought had freedom of expression but on condition that they did not undermine the authority of the state or fight among themselves The ideal of sulh-i kul was implemented through state policies – the nobility under the Mughals was a composite one comprising Iranis, Turanis, Afghans, Rajputs, Qeccanis – all of whom were given positions and awards purely on the basis of their service and loyalty to the king.

(iv) Akbar abolished the tax on pilgrimage in 1563 and jizya in 1564 as the two were based on religious discrimination. Instructions were sent to officers of the empire to follow the concept of sulh-i kul.

(v) All Mughal emperors gave grants to support the buildings and maintenance of places of worship. However, it was during the reign of Auranzeb, the jizya was re¬imposed on non-Muslim subjects.

(vi) Abu’l Fazl defined sovereignty as a social contract. According to him the emperor protects the four essences of subjects, namely, life (jan), property (mal), honour (narnus) and faith (din), and in return demands obedience and a share of resources from the people. Only sovereigns were thought to be able to honour the contract with power and Divine guidance.

from Blogger http://www.margdarsan.com/2020/08/ncert-class-12-history-chapter-9-kings.html

#NCERT Class 12 History

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sheikhaima-blog · 5 years ago

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Whats The Legal Way For Dissolution of Marriage in Pakistan

Want to know about dissolution of marriage process in Pakistan? Then you need to hire an expert female advocate in Lahore Pakistan which know the law of family court. Jamila law associate provide the services of all legal cases especially dissolution of marriage in Pakistan since 2009. Most of the Christians ask a question that the laws of dissolution of Christian marriage in Pakistan available? The answer of your question available on the site of www.advocateinlahore.com . Many of the females not get the certificate of dissolution of marriage in Pakistan. This step is against the law of family court. But our law firm provide dissolution of marriage certificate in Pakistan by family court.

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newageislam-blog · 5 years ago

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Islamism and Islamophobia Have Created a Vicious Cycle of Xenophobic Violence, Sultan Shahin Asks UNHRC at Geneva to Persuade Muslim Nations to Follow UN Charter

Islamophobia and Islamist violence are both growing and in the unlikeliest of places.

Recent attacks on churches in Sri Lanka were as much of a surprise as the attack on mosques in Christchurch. And now copycat attacks are taking place elsewhere. A vicious cycle of xenophobic violence is in operation.

While the world suffers from Jihadist violence, Muslims in particular suffer the most causalities in sectarian wars incited by the Islamist Jihadist ideology.

And yet, even almost two decades after 9/11, Muslim nations continue to be in denial. Islamist ideology based on the Islamic theology of consensus is absolved of any responsibility for violent extremism.

The result is that Muslim children continue to be taught in madrasas Islam supremacism and contempt for other religions. Even explicitly violent passages have not yet been weeded out from text books.

The terrorism it generates takes many shapes. If Hindu, Sikh and Christian girls are abducted and forcibly converted to Islam in Pakistan, this too essentially comes from contempt for other religions taught in religious seminaries. In several countries including Pakistan, some Muslims do not wait for courts to pass judgements to punish those they consider guilty.

The Council should convince the offending states to establish the rule of law on the basis of the UN Charter and repeal unacceptable laws against freedom of religion and conscience.

Mr. President

The Preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims as “the highest aspiration of the common people,” the “advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want.” This aspiration had arisen in the backdrop of “disregard and contempt for human rights” which “resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind.”

But several Muslim-majority countries that are signatories to the UN Charter violate the human rights of their citizens, not only from the religious minorities but even the weaker sections of the majority community.

Muslim nations are not only violating UN Charter that they have committed to but also the tenets of their own religion. Several scholarly studies of the primary Islamic scripture, the holy Quran, have found that practically every article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is supported by scores of verses of Quran.

Some of these studies are widely available on internet and can be verified. On the basis of and with reference to these studies, Wikipedia concludes: “The book (Quran) is largely concerned with establishing boundaries that Muslims are prohibited from transgressing. Within these boundaries the Quran treats human beings as equally valuable and endowed with certain rights by virtue of simply being human, hence Human rights. The rights bestowed upon humans in the Quran include the right to life and peaceful living, as well as the right to own, protect, and have property protected, (as per) Islamic economic jurisprudence. The Quran also contains rights for minority groups and women, as well as regulations of human interactions as between one another to the extent of dictating how Prisoners of war ought to be treated.”

But the daily news reports emanating from Muslim countries belie much respect for human rights in these countries. Coupled with violent manifestations of Islamism and Jihadism, these reports paint a very gloomy picture of the social life of Muslims as a religious community. Child marriages are rampant. Even Muslim jurists, in Saudi Arabia, for instance, justify this on the basis of Sharia.

A Saudi court ordered a few years ago the father of a 10-year-old girl to hand her over to her “husband,” disapproving of the fact that she had run away from her husband’s home. In any civilised country this so-called husband would be considered a rapist and the family of the child bride as accomplices in the crime. But the Saudi judge acting on the basis of almost universally accepted Sharia in Islam considers the marriage of a nine-year-old legitimate. The larger Muslim community seems to have no compunction in allowing this and many other such atrocities. No wonder Islam has acquired the reputation of being a backward and primitive religion.

Mr. President,

It is difficult to understand why we Muslims are not introspecting and changing course despite our religion having become practically synonymous with terrorism and backwardness. Muslims see their most revered ulema expressing regressive views that would be repugnant to any civilised society but take no action and allow them to gain currency in their societies.

For instance, a revered Pakistani cleric Dr Israr Ahmad, formerly of Jamaat-e- Islami, says about the Quranic expression Fasad fil Arz (mischief and violence on earth), “Peace in the West is actually Fasad and the Jihad to dislodge them from power is actually Peace. Effort to create Peace by letting imperialists rule and exploit the world is actually Fasad.”

Mr. President,

Even the Barailvis of Pakistan who are considered an inclusive Sufi sect of Islam in South Asia are not immune to propagating violence in the name of protecting the honour of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). It was a sermon by a Pakistani Barailvi cleric that led to the assassination of liberal Punjab Governor Salman Taseer in January 2011. His sermon also motivated a former Chief Justice of Lahore Court to defend the despicable assassin Mumtaz Qadri, who was on the government payroll as a bodyguard of the Governor at the time he killed him.

What was the “crime” of Governor Taseer? He had shown compassion for a Christian woman Aasia Khatoon, on death row for alleged blasphemy for eight years, and called the anti-blasphemy law of Pakistan a black law, and sought its repeal. Now the Barailvi Muslims of Pakistan have declared the brutal assassin Qadri a saint, built a shrine in his name, after he was executed on the orders of the court, and gather there in hundreds of thousands to pray and seek his blessings. The judge who ordered his execution is in hiding, fearing for his life. He has been declared by Islamic scholars as wajibul Qatl (deserving death), a sentence that any common Muslim can carry out.

And, of course, this is done in the name of Jihad that is considered obligatory on all Muslims. While Jihad is a revered word in Islamic scriptures, it is its un-Islamic understanding, as taught in madrasas and found in books by very respected medieval and contemporary theologians that is mainly behind the murder and mayhem unleashed on the world today.

Mr. President,

Jihad or at least Jihad-e-Akbar (Greater Jihad) is defined by Sufis and moderate Muslims as a struggle against one’s own negative self against worldly and evil temptations. This is considered a permanent and obligatory struggle which has to be waged by every Muslim all the time. But, while this meaning of Jihad too is mentioned in passing sometimes, this is not the way Jihad is actually defined by madrasa text books. Let us see some of the definitions of Jihad in our text books:

Source URL: http://www.newageislam.com/radical-islamism-and-jihad/sultan-shahin,-founder-editor,-new-age-islam/islamism-and-islamophobia-have-created-a-vicious-cycle-of-xenophobic-violence,-sultan-shahin-asks-unhrc-at-geneva-to-persuade-muslim-nations-to-follow-un-charter/d/119755

#newageislam #rethinkislam

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ammyjason-blog · 5 years ago

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It seems like, Christian court marriage procedure in Pakistan is easy. But it is not simple. No. of lawyers for Christian Court Marriage in Lahore Pakistan is limited because not anyone knows the Christian marriage procedure in Pakistan. For the Christian court marriage in Lahore Pakistan, you have to know the law for Christian marriage in Pakistan. Advocate Muhammad Ali Naeem Azad CEO of Aazad Law Associates is the professional expert lawyer who knows the law and procedure for Christian marriage in Pakistan. For Christian marriage in Lahore By Court, service of Aazad Law Associates available to make your marriage 100% valid. He is known to be the experienced Christian marriage registrar for Christian marriage in Lahore.

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buy-salwarkameez-blog · 7 years ago

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Designer Salwar Kameez

India is eminent for its excellent materials and striking pieces of clothing. Sarees is without a doubt a star fascination, yet in the meantime, salwar kameez sparkles high on the rundown. It is a flexible, agreeable outfit comprising of three key pieces. The long tunic, called the kameez (or kurta), is worn over the free match of pants called salwar. The gathering is combined with a streaming scarf called the dupatta or Odhani.

Salwar suits have been worn in India since medieval circumstances. Throughout the years, they have advanced to retain the changing patterns and styles. The primary fascination of the salwar suit is its adaptability. An Indian salwar kameez can be worn at an easygoing event, a gathering or a formal occasion, contingent upon the outlines used to adorn the outfit.

Purchase Salwar Kameez Online from India

The shalwar kameez is accessible in a wide range of assortments. The outline, cut, shading, texture, weaving and frivolity style may change contingent upon the coveted tasteful impact. Ladies will locate a superb scope of salwar suits online at Stylizone. We offer everything, from planner Anarkali to conventional Punjabi suits. In our inventory, you will discover valid hand-woven materials and hand weaved plans, and in addition present day textures and contemporary examples. Select the style which suits you best from our incredible inventory and put in your request in only a couple of snaps of the mouse. Salwar kameez web based shopping at our entrance is a breeze; we offer various installment strategies and convey to areas around the globe.

As you purchase salwar kameez online at Stylizone, make sure to peruse our splendid adornments and frill indexes to discover proper pieces to complete the outfit. Weaved grasps, brilliant adornments sets, calfskin mojarras and glass bangles are for the most part awesome ethnic extra ventures, particularly to match with salwar kameez you purchase on the web.

Salwar

The shalwar, spelled serial in Arabic and differently articulated as shalwar and seller is a type of loose pants originating before the Christian era.They are regularly worn in Muslim nations (additionally in groups in previous Mughal ruled zones in India) yet in addition widely in the Greek field (and different places in the Balkans that were impacted by Ottoman Turks) preceding World War II. The pants are not initially an Arab article of clothing but rather were presented from Persia.

Transliterations beginning from Urdu, Lahnda, Persian, Pashto, Turkish dialects utilize "sh". Salwar is the spelling most regularly utilized as a part of India. Transliterations beginning from Punjabi frequently render the sibilant sound toward the begin of salwar/shalwar as an "s". The two spellings are found in like manner English use. The shalwar spelling is by all accounts most normal in Canada and the United Kingdom and is the favored spelling in the Oxford English Dictionary.

Kameez

Initially, games the kameez, spelled in Bengali as kami is a tunic of changing length. Pieces of clothing cut like the kameez can be found in many societies. As per Dorothy Burnham, of the Royal Ontario Museum, the "consistent shirt," woven in one piece on twist weighted weavers, superseded in early Roman circumstances by fabric woven on vertical weavers painstakingly pieced so as not to squander any material. Tenth-century cotton shirts recuperated from the Egyptian forsake are cut much like the kameez or the contemporary Egyptian djellaba or jellabiya.

While transliterations of the Arabic word ideally utilize "q" because of the utilization of Qāf that of dialects which later imported the word, for example, Urdu, Hindi, and Persian utilize "k".

Dupatta

The dupatta is a scarf that resembles a shawl and is fundamental to numerous South Asian ladies' apparel. It is worn with the shalwar and kameez yet just by ladies. It is a developed type of the old Indian Uttariya and is initially part of the Gagra choli outfit. The Dupatta is worn in numerous local styles crosswise over India, the most widely recognized style since early medieval circumstances being to please the dupatta on the one end and tucking it into the front of the ghagra (or lehenga) and wrapping it over the midsection and over the shoulder or head, like the way the sari is worn. The dupatta is generally observed as an image of humility as its primary reason for existing is as a cover.

Different Type of Salwar Kameez:

Anarkali Suit

The shalwar kameez known as the Anarkali suit is named after the court artist from Lahore. This suit has an ageless style which has turned out to be exceptionally prominent. It is comprised of a long, dress style best and highlights a thin fitted base. This style of suit connects South Asia with the ladies' first part (dress and shalwar) of northwestern Pakistan and Afghanistan and to the customary ladies' garments of parts of Central Asia. It likewise connections to the Punjab area, where the Anarkali suit is like the manga and the Peshwaz worn in Jammu.

Punjabi Suit

The customary shalwar kameez worn in the Punjab area is sliced diversely to the styles worn in Balochistan and Afghanistan and is known as a "Punjabi suit" with the kameez being cut straight and level with side slits (which is a neighborhood advancement as prior types of kameez did not have side slits). The shalwar is wide at the best yet fits intently to the legs and is assembled at the ankles. The Punjabi shalwar is additionally cut straight and accumulated at the lower legs with a free band fortified with coarse material. In provincial Punjab, the shalwar is still called the Sudan, which is an alternate article of clothing that was well known in past centuries, nearby the churidar and kameez blend (which is still popular). In Britain, South Asian ladies from the Punjab locale have conveyed the dress to the standard, and even high-fashion, appeal. The Punjabi suit is prominent in different areas of South Asia, for example, Mumbai and Sindh. Punjabi suits are additionally mainstream among young ladies in Bangladesh and are particularly famous among school young ladies in India. The outfit is likewise prevalent in Afghanistan, where it is known as the Punjabi.

Bahawalpuri shalwar suit

The Bahawalpuri shalwar begins from the Bahawalpur area of Punjab, Pakistan. The Bahawalpuri shalwar is wide and baggy with numerous voluminous folds. The material generally utilized for the Bahawalpuri shalwar and Susan is known as Sufi which is a blend of cotton twist blended with silk weft and gold strings running down the material. The other name for these sorts of blended fabric is Shuja Khani. The Bahawalpuri shalwar is worn with the Bahawalpur style kameez, the Punjabi kurta or Chola.

Multani shalwar suit The Multani shalwar, otherwise called the 'chair wali' or 'Saraiki are wali' shalwar as it is wide around the midriff, begins from the Multan region of the Punjab area. The style is like the Sindhi Mancha shalwar as both are subsidiaries of the Pantaloon shalwar worn in Iraq and embraced in these areas amid the seventh century A.D. The Multani shalwar is wide, baggy, and full, and has folded like the Punjabi than. The upper pieces of clothing incorporate the Punjabi kameez and the Chola of the Punjab region.

With regards to sumptuous clothing types, Pakistani weavers are as gifted as Indian weavers in making the best of any texture. The striking Pakistani salwar kameez is getting more well known among the Asian ladies who love to enjoy this wonderful clothing that has a great deal of complicated work in it. Pakistani Anarkali suits have heavier works with Swarovski, globules and other stone works. They are worn for marriage events dresses by the lady and women identified with the lady of the hour and the prep.

Pakistani Anarkali Suit

These Pakistani Anarkali suits are progressively favored by the Indians living in the United States and Europe separated from those living in different parts of the globe. Working ladies and other occupied homemakers loosen up at parties with this Pakistani salwar kameez. Indeed, even ladies in the Hindi film industry and their partners in whatever is left of India pick Pakistani Anarkali suits for film related capacities. Ladies purchase Pakistani Anarkali suits in view of their mingling needs and buying power. However, they make a point to oblige these dazzling Pakistani salwar kameez in their financial plan in the event that they are in a fiscally tight position. With a great deal of research done by originators in the Indian and Asian mold industry, Pakistani Anarkali suits are developing a range of garments. At the point when the works are heavier, lighter materials are utilized to adjust the heaviness of the Pakistani salwar kameez so one doesn't feel depleted to wear it. The extravagance found in the clothing is getting seen by different ethnicities as well. Free Patiala bottoms add effortlessness to these Kameez.

Wedding Long Salwar Kameez

The Anarkali salwar suits have a rich and sentimental history. Legend has it that the Anarkali churidars we see it today get its name from the disastrous prostitute and darling Anarkali who needed to hold up under the brunt of being covered alive for demonstrating the daringness of adoring Mughal Emperor Akbar's child Prince Salim, who later progressed toward becoming Emperor Jahangir. This dress later came to be known as the Anarkali churidar recognition of prostitute Anarkali. This perfect and superb clothing was likewise worn by the ladies of North India, Pakistan, and the Middle East as a stylized dress proposed for exceptional events and occasions.

Present day architect Anarkali dresses that are shown at stylizone.com an ideal mix of Ethnic and western impacts which has brought about smooth and exemplary Anarkali outfits and streaming floor length Anarkali suits, smooth and chic gasp style Anarkali and coat style Anarkali, hip and interesting deviated Anarkali and multi-layered Anarkali in an extensive variety of hues and textures, for example, brass, brocade, chiffon, cotton, crepe, georgette, small scale velvet, net, unadulterated silk and glossy silk so you can pick Anarkali for ever season and each event according to the climate and state of mind.

In this segment, you can likewise pick your Anarkali suits according to your size to guarantee an impeccable fit. Every last Anarkali suit delivered by stylizone comes as a total set with coordinating base and stylish dupatta alongside confined sleeves sometimes. Purchase Anarkali suits online from stylizone.com to add a touch of uniqueness to your Anarkali gathering and emerge from whatever is left of the group.

Bridal Designer Salwar Kameez

Various young ladies long for the day when they get hitched before friends and family, envisioning the proper festival and particularly, that hypnotizing dress that elevates the event's sure vibes. In the event that you can identify with this adolescence encounter, you'll be excited to realize that your dreams can undoubtedly transform into a reality with our sleep inducing determination of wedding salwar kameez. Welcome unrestricted love and fresh starts into your life the correct path with an exceptional gathering intended to reveal your most profound magnificence.

FashionWebz has a great time meeting the desires of our supporters with inconceivably planned Indian couture that can without much of a stretch be bought on the web. Our tremendous stock is set apart by an extensive variety of hues, outlines, and examples that can take you on the most mixed adventure in the realm of form. Your decision among wedding salwar kameez ought to be a good one, and we would like to make it as splendid as your foreordained marriage.

A few ladies incline toward light hues for their wedding like Pink and silver, lemon yellow and white, peach and silver and others. We make Indian Wedding Salwar Kameez in different outlines that influence the young lady to look more wonderful and provocative on her uncommon day. Our Bridal Salwar Suits are typically made of overwhelming texture and it has substantial weaving work alongside various patches to give it a decent look. Our outlines are such that it get suited with different embellishments.

We have the got most finest accumulations of wedding Salwar kameez and have an extensive variety of hues. We need everything ought to be impeccable amid wedding and that is the reason you can surf online 1000 of plans gathering. We have likewise got Indian planner wedding salwar kameez accumulation which you can purchase online from stylizone.com these outlines are made by driving Indian creator and can get you the best look. All our wedding items are made with close consideration and the fantastic check is made. We have the unique group for wedding salwar kameez which keeps close eyes on each plan.

Give it a chance to purchase any shade of Wedding Salwar suits plan red, blue, green, pink, yellow and so on you can get from stylizone.com. Notwithstanding with regards to texture then you can pick the texture that you wish to have we have different textures wedding salwar suits.

BUY Indian Designer Salwar Kameez

Salwar suits for a wedding are contained silk, silk, cotton, georgette, chiffon, net, brasso and differing materials. Beginning now, the ones that are unavoidable consolidate net materials. The kameez has an internal covering. It could be of cotton or silk or whatever reasonable conspicuous material that has brilliant sheen likely. By then the best front of the kameez is made of net. Now and then the inside covering is made of an immediate chiffon material and may have the plant or geometric prints.

By then the best cover is additionally made of a sheer material of the most overwhelming shade of the internal outline. The sleeve length also changes. Full sleeves look marvelous alongside this interesting wedding salwar kameez plans. The new and neck have embellishments and weaving. Sequins, globules, gatherings, and so on are utilized as embellishments.

Salwar suits for the wedding and Designer Anarkali salwar kameez are continually worn on all events like for a wedding or reliably cool wear. Unmistakably, it relies upon the material and the suit's outline. The general wear ones are all around made of cotton for comfort. The ones that are made of various materials, generally influenced ones, to look savvier and are worn on more astounding events.

Designer Partywear Suit

Purchase Latest Party Wear Salwar Kameez from our online store stylizone. Salwar Suit is considered as a standout amongst the most agreeable yet customary dress in present day mold world. Rather than the sari, the salwar kameez is anything but difficult to style and wear alongside comfort it convey alongside it. Salwar is the name of the jeans, which look like pajama pants. They are free and loose in the hips and thighs and decrease down to a more tightly lower leg. The suit is the name of the standard shirt worn over the salwar. Dupatta is a type of long rectangular Scarf which is utilized to cover head keeping in mind the end goal to indicate regard or a few ladies utilize it like snappy outfit frill. The best thing about this dress is its light weight alongside charming outline and exquisite weaving works and comes in eye-getting shading mixes. What's more, in view of the humility and stylish look of this dress, it is exceptionally prominent in Indian sub-landmass as well as in United Kingdom, Netherland, Spain, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. The salwar suit is favored and is a most loved among the more youthful era, as it is less demanding to complete. Indian Party Wear Salwar Kameez is agreeable and form apparel for ladies thus it is worn at home and even outside. At the end of the day, it is utilized for partywear, formal and easygoing events.

Georgette Salwar Kameez

The light weight property and delicate surface of the texture make georgette the most utilized texture by fashioners. Originator sarees and planner salwar kameezes created in georgette never leave mold. stylizone offers an assortment of georgette salwar kameez for ladies. Our gathering of georgette salwar suits features wonderful embellishments, mind boggling string work, and excellent utilization of hues. In India, wedding salwar kameez accumulations weaved in georgette texture transform into a stunning piece by weaving-in rich embellishments as sequins, stone work, Swarovski gems and gotta patti work. Ladies from Punjab have an inclination for georgette salwar kameez as their marriage clothing. Purchase georgette salwar suits online to incorporate a dash of fabulousness to your gathering and merry wear troupes.

Indian Pakistani Salwar Suits

Pakistani suits end up being an adjusted form of the salwar kameez in various outlines. Despite the fact that there are diverse dresses accessible the Pakistani suits are customarily worn by ladies. Its a tuxedo which accompanies a salwar, kameez, and a dupatta. The bottoms can be in various style from straight slices to Patiala, palazzo Suit and that's only the tip of the iceberg.

The Pakistani Salwar Kameez has turned into a trendy alternative for the ladies of today. The Pakistani suits worn by Indian ladies are enlivened from Pakistan and comes in various outlines and hues. From prints to weaving dresses - everything is adjusted to suit the patterns of today. We regularly observe Pakistani suits worn by ladies in all events. The overwhelming worked Pakistani suits are worn for the wedding dresses and happy events while the most easygoing ones are favored for a casual event.

Architect Pakistani suits have turned into a vital piece of a ladies closet. it's currently accessible in a plenty of textures. From cotton to chiffons, the Pakistani salwar suits are a favored texture in summer in light pastel tones with prints and diverse outlines. While the Benaras or the silk ones with full sleeves, unpredictable string work, and dynamic shades are favored for more bubbly events dresses. When contrasted with customary kurta the Pakistani salwar kameez have knee-length kurtas making a more thin look to the wearer.

Pakistani Salwar Kameez Suits

This gathering if the decorated right would make a grand look.Wearing the correct hues matters the most. This can be matched with shararas, Ghagra Choli and straight jeans suits with complicated work to make a more happy look. These days even Bollywood big names wear these for a more chic look. With regards to Pakistani salwar kameez online the primary concern to consider is the nature of the texture. stylizone offers a scope of Pakistani suits online in bunch shades and outlines in rich textures for all events.

Pakistani suits that are made in India. For you with affection! Here we're with our select scope of Pakistani salwar kameez. Enlivened by the customary outlines of Pakistan and livened up with the absolute most captivating Indian artworks, for example, bandhani, and fascinating, Indian weavings like zari or Gresham, it's a gathering worth-purchasing and obviously worth-displaying. Wear it to acquire unlimited compliments on celebrations, weddings, parties, and even easygoing trips.

Come! Dig into an ocean of more than 500 styles of Pakistani suits online at UtsavFashion. Locate your optimal piece from an assortment of plans, hues, textures, and works. Love shining stylizone work? Select "stylizone work" from Work on the left route bar and lo view. You have a universe of style zone work Pakistani salwar kameez directly before you. Additionally livened up with charming Indian zari work, stones, sequins, and Gresham, it's a ultra-tasteful range to grasp your most loved stylizone.

BUY Now: Salwar Kameez

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multiracialmedia-blog · 7 years ago

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Legal Interracial Marriage Around the World

Couple in Venezuela. He’s Venezuelan and she’s half Venezuelan and half Filipina.

Ever the globe trotter and world-focused (as opposed to American-focused) person I am, I have long been curious about legal interracial marriage around the world.

Interracial couples and multiracial families all over the United States are gearing up to celebrate Loving Day. Loving Day honors Mildred and Richard Loving whose interracial marriage landed them in a Virginia jail, a fight which they took all the way to the United State Supreme Court and won! By winning, laws immediately changed from interracial marriage being left up to states to decide to being legal nationwide.

It’s a pretty special Loving Day this year as it marks 50 years since anti-misceginiation laws were banned nationwide. As a result, Loving Day celebrations should be cooler than normal this year. Seeing flyers of Loving Festivals, listening to podcasts (such as my partner Alex’s with Jerald White, founder of the New Orleans Loving Festival) and just the overall chatter within the Multiracial Community has once again piqued my curiosity about legal interracial marriage around the world.

The Necessity in Addressing Legal Interracial Marriage Both Within the United States and Around the World

There are many—living in the United States in particular—who don’t feel it’s up to the government to decide who can marry whom. Fortunately for children who are the products of both interracial marriage and marriage between two people of the same sex, many governments disagree with this line of thinking. Why is it necessary for governments to intervene? Because it’s not up to anyone to decide whom a person can—or more importantly, can’t—marry.

Creating laws that prevent person of x race from marrying person from y race doesn’t deter interracial relationships, it just creates more children born out of wedlock and more people breaking archaic laws. And while I have no particular feelings about people having kids without being married, I don’t think people should be forced to be in this situation.

South Africa Addressed Legal Interracial Marriage

Outside the United States, the biggest and most notable one has to be South Africa. A history of segregation that was written into its constitution, the treatment of Black and Colored / Coloured people has been, believe it or not, worse than PoC in the United States. And while referring to PoC in the U.S. as colored is considered on par with calling us a racial slur, in South Africa it’s different. The Coloured people of South Africa are the offspring of interracial relationships. Not Black, not White, somewhere in this netherworld, but ironically the majority within the country.

Since the Dutch began colonizing South Africa in 1652 (thanks to the discovery that both gold and diamonds were in abundance there), the minority people from Holland have been brutal toward Black South Africans. For a history lesson on this brutal treatment, I suggest you do some research. The slaughter of millions—including children—is well documented.

An outgrowth of the Dutch colonizing South Africa would obviously be the birth of many coloured children. To understand more about the process of going from colonizing a region to the birth of many multiracial kids to glorying the beauty standards of the mother country, you can refer to my last Sarah’s World Beat.

With coloured children running amok (said with all the sarcasm I can muster), in 1949 South Africa passed the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, which made marriage between Whites and non-Whites illegal. The Population Registration Act of 1950 made it legal to segregate Whites from non-Whites.

So not only was interracial marriage illegal, but any offspring the result of an interracial relationship in South African meant living with one or the other parent. In most cases it meant living with the non-White parent. Both bans were lifted in 1985. Regular contributor Maja Dēzlović explains what this was like for her, being half Black South African and half Croatian in her Stages of Being Biracial.

In speaking with Nosheen Yousaf, who’s studying at the Forman Christian College University in Lahore, Pakistan and writing her thesis on the representation of miscegenation in literature in South Africa, she explains that the irony about legal interracial marriage in South Africa is that …”it was legal in the Times of the Dutch White men in the fifteenth century with the native women … as it balanced the shortage of female settlers … South Africa presents an anomaly on the historical time line as far as interracial marriage was concerned … colonialism and later apartheid accentuated the Black-White divide.”

Other Countries That Have Addressed Legal Interracial Marriage

Germany’s Ban on Legal Interracial Marriage Lifted

As part of the Nuremberg Laws, in 1935, Nazi Germany created an anti-miscegenation law. As Adolf Hitler had a bug up his ass to keep Germany free of Jews, Gypsies, gays and others, the anti-miscegenation laws were enacted to keep so-called Aryans from marrying and making babies with non-Aryans. The laws were very complicated, and included clauses about whether the man or woman was German or Jewish (in particular) or a Gypsy.

In 1945 when Nazi Germany was defeated, these laws were repealed and any relationships between Germans and Jews could have their wedding day retroactively dated back to before the laws were enacted.

Canada’s Complicated Relationship With First Nations Impacts Legal Interracial Marriage

Although the Canadian government never created anti-miscegenation laws between White people and First Nations (Natives and considered the PoC, given how poorly they’re treated), there are instances of First Nations either banning outright or creating restrictions on marriage between a First Nations and a White Canadian. These restrictions, like those under Nazi Germany, vary depending whether the First Nations person is the husband or the wife. Patriarchal indeed!

Have I missed any countries that once had anti-miscegenation laws on the books that later repealed them and made legal interracial marriage the law of the land?

Legal Interracial Marriage Around the World if you want to check out other voices of the Multiracial Community click here Multiracial Media

#legal interracial marriage #Loving vs. Virginia #Mildred and Richard Loving

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margdarsanme · 4 years ago

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NCERT Class 12 History Chapter 9 Kings and Chronicles The Mughal Courts

NCERT Class 12 History Solutions

Chapter 9 Kings and Chronicles The Mughal Courts

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED : Q 1. Describe the process of manuscript production in the Mughal court.

Q 2. In what ways would the daily routine and special festivities associated with the Mughal court have conveyed a sense of the power of the emperor?

Ans.

(i) The term “haram” is used to describe the domestic world of the Mughals. This word is taken from the Persian word haram, which means a sacred place.

(v) In the Mughal household a distinction was maintained between wives who came from royal families (begams), and other wives (aghas) who were not of noble birth.

(vii) The agha and the aghacha could rise to the position of a begam depending on the husband’s will, and provided that he did not already have four wives.

Ans.

(i) The head of the provincial administration was the governor (subadar). He reported directly to the emperor.

(ii) Each suba was divided into sarkar,

(iii) Chronicles narrating the events of a Mughal emperor’s reign contained, alongside the written text, images that described an event in visual form.

Ans.

(ii) A very large number of painters set to work.

(iii) Each week, several supervisors and clerks of the imperial workshop submit before the emperor the work done by each artist, and his Majesty gives a reward.

Ans. Recruitment, rank of the n ability and relationship with the emperor:

(v) Akbar, who designed the mansab system, also established spiritual relationships with a select band of his nobility by treating them as his disciples (murid).

(viii) The three ministers occasionally came together as an advisory body, but were independent of each other.

(x) They also had to share the responsibility for guarding the emperor and his household round the clock. Q 9.Identify the elements that went into the making of the Mughal ideal of kingship. Ans.

(v) All Mughal emperors gave grants to support the buildings and maintenance of places of worship. However, it was during the reign of Auranzeb, the jizya was re¬imposed on non-Muslim subjects.

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#Blogger #NCERT Class 12 History

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